Did you know that falling is not an inevitable consequence of aging? If it were, would that mean the older we get, the more likely we are to fall? One in every three adults aged 65 or above experiences a fall each year. However, approximately 70% of falls are preventable. 

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Research has identified that falls can be broadly classified into three categories. Intrinsic risk factors include reduced muscle strength, muscle atrophy, chronic diseases, impaired vision, or medication effects. Extrinsic risk factors include slippery floors, inadequate lighting, or environmental hazards. Behavioural risk factors such as rushing, distraction, or mobile phone use while walking. 

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The World Health Organization reports that falls in older adults frequently result in fractures due to physical deconditioning, progressive loss of independence, and fear of falls and pain, which further leads to reduced physical activity and ultimately an increased risk of mortality. Reducing fall risk relies heavily on good balance. Balance is regulated by three major systems: the vision, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. 

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​The 4-stage balance test is a simple screening test to preliminarily assess balance ability. However, when performing this test with someone supervising, next to a stable table or wall, stop immediately if you feel unsteady. Safety always comes first.